PDF Quick Guide to Applying Fan & Pump Laws To Calculate a System Head Curve several points must be chosen to calculate friction losses on both the suction and discharge sides of the pump at various flow rates. One of the end condition is velocity cannot go below 4fps at any point in the pipe. Fan Affinity Laws - Affinity laws can be used to calculate volume capacity, head or power consumption when speed and wheel diameters are changed. Calculating Actual Pump Speed with VFD? - HVAC/R ... A centrifugal pump having hydraulic power 15KWH & pump efficiency 65% calculate the pump shaft power. The affinity laws are primarily used to estimate the effect of speed and impeller diameter changes on pump performance. For example, most VFD software requires that we set the maximum, minimum, sleep, and wake speeds in RPM. The selection of characteristic quantities to determine the characteristic . 2. affinity laws for a specific centrifugal pump - to approximate head, capacity . Introduction - Power Tune. Hertz is an Excel program that allows you to illustrate the laws of affinity, perform a design point calculation, and plot centrifugal pump performance curves as a function of frequency or RPM. The affinity laws predict pump performance changes, not changes in pump/ system interactions. You can use any measurement unit, as long as you use always the same. I can do the first one in my head but need a calculator for the second! And time is in minutes. Fan Affinity Laws - TMC Fluid Systems, Inc. The Affinity Law calculator in Hertz displays the actual RPM from 30 to 60 hz. AFFINITY LAWS - The Process Technology and Operator Academy Head, H, changes in direct proportion . Calculate the addition time required based on heat of the reaction, Type of agitator, MOC & utility flow rate in a semi batch reactor; Scale up of reactor from lab to plant scale; Calculate the vacuum pump flow rate based on air leakage rate; Power required for pumping; Pump affinity law; Pipe flow distribution; Pressure drop across pipe lines The Affinity Laws of centrifugal pumps or fans indicates. If the system pump is flowing "X" GPM at "Y" feet of head and we want to double the flow rate; the pump will have to produce 4 times the head. Affinity laws - Wikipedia Centrifugal pump calculation (Pump head, NPSH, Specific speed, affinity laws…) 8. The pump affinity laws provide methods for approximation of the effects of changed impeller diameters and rotational speeds on the pump curve. Pump GPM capacity varies directly as the speed (RPM) or impeller diameter ratio change. If you want to calculate pump performance without a chart — or you want to calculate a value that the chart doesn't show — you can accurately do so by using the formulas called the Affinity Laws. Affinity laws in mag drive operation are used to "express the relationship between variables involved in pump or fan performance such as head, flow rate," etc. To help the process engineers in Chemical Processing Industry, Pump Affinity laws are incorporated in Excel file and uploaded. all employees would learn to balance air and hydronic systems at the same time. Jame. It says, "The change in pump head or pressure drop in the system varies as the square of the change in GPM flow rate. Figure 7: Variable Speed Pump Curve If Δh s = Y (see Specific energy) is inserted, the pressure coefficient in its known form can be established: As pump efficiencies are more or less dependent on friction conditions, they are subject to other conversion laws (see Efficiency scale-up ). I know I'm supposed to use the pump affinity laws, just not sure where to start. Figure 3. 1. The affinity law for a centrifugal pump with the speed held constant and the impeller diameter changed: Flow: Q1 / Q2 = D1 / D2. Speed2 = 1800. Power1 = Power2 = Help. Hi There! The mathematical relationships that exist between flow rate, head, power and speed and based on a known pump performance are referred to as the Affinity Laws. Rows - Speed1: original pump speed r The laws can be summarised as follows. Pump Efficiency and Pump Power Calculation Formulas with Examples In an earlier article in this series on the "Cheat Sheets," I stated, "At 1,800 RPM, the impeller diameter in inches, multiplied by itself (or squared), is approximately the shutoff head of the pump in feet.". AFFINITY LAWS. Displacement is simply our head (ft.) distance. As a result, variable speed and flow pumps can save pool owners up to 90% in energy costs. This same company also insisted that every field technicians learned our affinity laws and applied them. And . This same company also insisted that every field technicians learned our affinity laws and applied them. The Pump Affinity laws predict the affects of changing the speed of a centrifugal or rotary pump on flow rate, head and power. Pump Affinity Laws. (3b) Pump Affinity Laws Calculator - Changing Wheel Diameter Replace the default values with the actual values. In practical application, Grundfos provides all the information you need to easily determine your energy savings with E-Pumps and BoosterpaQs. Affinity laws are applied in centrifugal loads such as pump, compressor, fan, hydraulic system and the like. " It's not changing with impeller speed or diameter. Capacity varies directly with the ratio of the change in rpm. About Me. You can also solve it for speed to predict the speed required for a given impeller to produce a targeted flow rate on a fixed system curve. The affinity laws (Also known as the "Fan Laws" or "Pump Laws") for pumps/fans are used in hydraulics, hydronics and/or HVAC to express the relationship between variables involved in pump or fan performance (such as head, volumetric flow rate, shaft speed) and power.They apply to pumps, fans, and hydraulic turbines.In these rotary implements, the affinity laws apply both to centrifugal and . Last month, I opened this discussion by explaining how the affinity laws are used to estimate the effect of speed and impeller diameter changes on pump performance. These laws state: 1. Using the affinity laws, it is possible to determine approximate curves to estimate the centrifugal pump's new best efficiency point. The volume capacity of a centrifugal fan can be expressed as: q 1 /q 2 = (n 1 /n 2)x(d 1 /d 2) 3. where, q = volume flow capacity (m 3 /s, gpm, cfm, etc.) The pump affinity law for pool pumps shows how all of this is possible between the 3 main components; (1) motor speed, (2) flow rates and (3) energy consumption. The below calculation applies to centrifugal pumps and gives a good indication of the differences in pump capacity, pump head and absorbed pump power when changing the pump speed but with the impeller diameter remaining unchanged. I had the great privilege of being raised in this industry, by a company that . After calculating pressure loss, I used affinity law to calculate new flow and head to make up for the pressure loss. 44. Being able to predict these affects allows the rotating equipment engineer to examine the effects before implementing the changes. THE GOOD NEWS - Affinity law theory helps us understand the principle of flow, head, and power dynamics. AFFINITY LAWS The affinity laws are derived from a dimensionless analysis of three important parameters that describe pump performance: flow, total head and power (ref: The Pump Handbook by McGraw-Hill, chapter 2). You'll have to plot your "before and after" pump curves with your system curve to to estimate where your pump will operate. Calculation according to affinity laws. In the first part of this two-part Centrifugal Pump Minute, James Farley, Griswold Product Manager, discusses the pump Affinity Law and how to apply it. The below calculation applies to centrifugal pumps and gives a good indication of the differences in pump capacity, pump head and absorbed pump power when changing the pump speed but with the impeller diameter remaining unchanged. This calculator provides information about how some paramenter of a fan changes when other are modifiedre. Pump shaft power = Pump hydraulic power / Pump efficiency = 15 / 0.65 = 23 KW. Calculation of NPSH involves consideration of fundamental fact that every. The laws can be summarised as follows. Absorbed Power varies as the cube of the ratio of the change in rpm. Affinity is the latest state-of-the-art pump selection program from Flowserve. The head developed by the pump (H2) and the power required (P2) at 1750 rpm can be calculated by using the Affinity Law I. Cheat Sheets: The Affinity Laws - Empowering Pumps. I had the great privilege of being raised in this industry, by a company that . Pump and Fan Efficiency - Overall pump and fan efficiency is the ratio power actually gained by the fluid to the shaft power supplied Ansys Events | Simulation Webinars, Conferences & Seminars Pump Affinity Laws - Turbo machines affinity laws can be used to calculate volume capacity, head or power consumption in centrifugal pumps . Fans. For example, let's look at Figure 1. The affinity laws for pumps express the relationship between the several variables involved in pump performance. Affinity Laws: Capacity, Q, changes in direct proportion to the impeller diameter ratio, or the speed ratio. to model the pump affinity laws for the system you were assigned in Module 2. Welcome to my space, I am Anup Kumar Dey, an experienced piping engineer from the last 15 years. Most of the savings is from the reduction of the speed of the motor (RPM's) even though some of it is contributed to how efficient a permanent magnet motor is. Posted on 2. If speed decreases Pump Affinity Laws Calculator in Excel. Pump Calculations -software for process and mechanical engineers or rotating equipment specialists working with centrifugal pump installations. The second Affinity Law is a bit more complicated. So I am assuming pressures change due to velocity change. In this article discussed about pump basic formulas with examples like pump power calculation formula, specific speed of centrifugal pump and affinity laws for centrifugal and displacement pumps.Also provided online calculator for pump power calculation. 2. Therefore, application of the affinity laws to calculate the impact on pump performance of a change in impeller diameter are helpful but not . Reducing the pump speed and flow has a tremendous impact on wattage draw due to the Pump Affinity Law. However, as the diameter of an impeller changes the efficiency of the impeller will also change, therefore, application of the affinity laws to calculate the impact on pump performance as a result a change in impeller diameter are helpful but . Calculating Pump Head How to calculate the Pump Head for Open and Closed Systems 6/27/2012 Vemco, Inc. Pump calculator solving for total head given water horsepower and discharge or flow rate. For changes in pump speed with a constant impeller size, the affinity laws are: 1. Occasionally, we do need to know the actual pump speed. Affinity law comes in many form as a manifestation of interactions between power, flow rate, shaft speed, frequency and pressure head in centrifugal loads. Example: . The above two cost reduction techniques in Centrifugal pump may be analyzed using the Pump Affinity Laws before implementation of the project. Using affinity laws, the performance of a centrifugal pump can be accurately calculated for different speeds. Solved for Flow and Speed.wmf. The analysis is based on the reduced impeller being geometrically similar and operated at dynamically similar conditions or equal Note that the affinity laws for speed change are exact. Affinity Laws Calculator 3. This centrifugal pump power calculator is intended to calculate the mechanical power of a centrifugal pump at a set operating point. Also it is important to notice the pump must maintain a minimum speed in order to supply the pressure as defined by the VFD set point. In this edition of the Centrifugal Pump Minute, James Farley, Senior Director of Product Management for Griswold, provides an overview of composite pump performance curves and the importance of using them to calculate pump efficiency.. The pump flowrate and delta pressure can be scaled from the rotational speed ratio and the impeller diameter ratio using the affinity or similarity laws. The affinity laws will produce highly accurate results when predicting the impact of changes in speed. These include: QaN HaN1 PaN3 (1) (2) (3) where Q is flow rate, H is head, Pis output power, and N is the pump's impeller rotational speed, revolutions per minute.r51 For example, the Affinity Laws were applied to calculate a standardized head for the system, as follows: [ ] 2 H -H ~ Pump Affinity Laws. This centrifugal pump curve calculator is meant to quickly calculate the different operating conditions when a centrifugal pump is sped up or slowed down. At the same time, variable speed pumps can run longer and slower than a single-speed pump. than 1167rpm/1750rpm. Fan Affinity Laws. 100 q 1 - volume capacity - (m 3 /s, gpm, cfm, ..) 100 dp 1 - head or pressure (m, ft, Pa, psi, ..) From the Affinity Law I, we have: H2 = H1 x [N2/N1]2 = 10 x [1750/1450 . To use the affinity laws to determine the effect of increasing speed from 3400-rpm to 3600-rpm, we must first calculate the effect of speed on flow and head for each performance . all employees would learn to balance air and hydronic systems at the same time. Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals Pumps are broadly classified as kinetic or positive displacement. Created Date: 1/13/2020 5:32:26 PM . Head1 = Head2 = Power. 1 Introduction to Affinity Laws Affinity Laws are equations of proportionality that show how a change in impeller diameter (D) or rotative speed (N) affects the pump capacity (Q), differential head (H), and required brake horsepower (HP).Affinity Laws are also known as Affinity Equations. demanded . Speed is shaft speed. Centrifugal Pump Curves estimate pump performance at different impellor diameter and speed based on Affinity Laws. This is where Affinity Laws become most valuable. Use the pump affinity laws to calculate the new flow output, discharge head, amp draw, and brake horsepower for a pump after either the impeller diameter or motor speed has changed. Affinity Laws Calculator. We learned our fan laws and pump laws as we Force is the product of our capacity, constant weight ( 8.33 lbs / gallon ), and specific gravity. Upon enrolling in, expand the first section "ABOUT THE FLOW OF FLUIDS" 2. Converting variables and process parameters to a numerious alternative units of measurement. Fan and Pump Laws. Introduction to Fan Affinity Laws The fan affinity laws offer a quick way to evaluate fan performance when wheel speed or diameter is changed. Head varies as the square of the ratio of the change in rpm. Centrifugal Pump Power Calculator. engineeringtoolbox.com. The Affinity Laws state Changes in the speed or diameter change - CAPACITY by direct proportion 7.6.2017. Here is what I calculated. Excel, Access, Numbers, etc.) These laws allow users to calculate the affect of increased velocity on the operation. options. Flow or volume varies linearly with speed. The efficiency curve is calculated using a three term cubic equation (E = A Q + B Q^2 + C Q^3) calculated from the best efficiency point, and the maximum flowrate. horsepower pool pump draws about 2,000 watts and runs at 3,450 rpm. diameters. Normally, centrifugal pump impellers are trimmed to the specific . The Pump Affinity laws predict the affects of changing the speed of a centrifugal or rotary pump on flow rate, head and power. Pump Affinity Laws for Speed Change BHPI BHP2 Chemical Engineering Site www.superpump.co.za . INSTRUCTION TO DOWNLOAD FLOW OF FLUIDS EXCEL WORKBOOK : 1. Represented in Figure 3 are the three affinity laws: 1. It can also be used to project pump and fan performance characteristics based on a known characteristic when used in combination with other affinity laws.For example, if you have a known impeller line on a pump curve, you can use the "Square Law" and the affinity law relating impeller diameter and flow to project what the impeller line would look like for a different impeller size. change in speed of wheel - revolutions per minute (rpm); geometrically similarity - change in impeller diameter; Note that there are two sets of affinity laws:. 43. Impeller Dia Change Speed Change Initial Speed Final Speed Final Flow Final Head Final Brake Horse Power Units Input Data Output Data m kW rpm Initial Flow The affinity laws will produce highly accurate results when predicting the impact of changes in speed. Describe the different types of solids handling pumps (inclined screw, positive Viscous flow is recommended if the kinematic viscosity is greater than 20 cSt. Sulzer Pump Service Reliability Tips. However, the affinity laws for impeller diameter change are only approximate and valid for small changes in impeller sizes. One of the sub- What are composite pump performance curves? Based on the model, calculate the impact of the following changes in the system. Speed1 = 1200. The Affinity Laws of centrifugal pumps or fans indicates the influence on volume capacity, head (pressure) and/or power consumption of a pump or fan due to. 9- Jul- 2. Affinity laws can be used to calculate volume capacity, head or power consumption - when speed or rpm, and wheel diameters are changed. Any help would be appreciated! Among the formulas within the Affinity Law is simple equation that states that . The calculator is generic and can be used with all common units as long as the use of units is consistent. The pump vendor must be consulted to verify that the predicted values using affinity laws for impeller size changes are accurate or if any correction factors are needed. Fan and Pump Laws. We learned our fan laws and pump laws as we Calculate pump scaling to match a known pump to a design flowrate and delta pressure at the best efficiency point (BEP). For example, if you reduce the pump speed from 3,450 rpm to 2,400 rpm (30% reduction in speed) the wattage drops from 2,000 watts to 593 watts (70% reduction in power). Conclusion of our look at a new tool that predicts how pumps and systems interact. understanding of the Affinity Laws. However, as the diameter of an impeller changes the efficiency of the impeller also changes. The model only needs to model the pump. Volume Capacity. If you're using large changes or you can do a large speed . Flow1 = Flow2 = Head. Customers have access to the same pump selection tool that is used by Flowserve application engineers, while maintaining the familiar FlowSelex Portal . Calculate pump efficiency curves for viscous and non viscous flow. Steel pipe look-up table, NPSH available calculation . The Affinity Laws allow Engineers to estimate the resulting changes to certain hydraulic parameters caused by the manipulation of a single centrifugal pump variable. Using affinity laws, we can accurately calculate the pressure, flow and required speed and power of a pump from a specific known set point. Affinity laws. I know the flow [GPM], head [ft], VFD set %, and VFD speed at 100% [RPM]. 11) Pumps characteristics comparison with affinity laws 12) Pumps NPSH calculations 13) Partial volume of tanks (Pro Version) 14) Chemical dosing (Pro Version) 15) Humidity Calculation (Pro Version) Many more calculator will be added soon... Calculator built with precision but may have errors if you find any please write to us. Affinity Law #2: The Impact of Impeller Size on TDH. The affinity laws are very accurate for small changes. Pump affinity laws or Pump Laws are used during hydraulic design to calculate the volume, capacity, head, or power consumption of the centrifugal pumps with changing. For any pump, you can predict nearly any performance characteristic by using the formulas you see below. Assume that the reactor pressure decreases in pressure to 50% of the original . pump Affinity Laws for systems with constant impeller di ameter. Pumps & Systems, August 2007. Enter information as instructed below and press calculate. A pump calculator can be used to determine the new flow/head/power at speeds. However, as the diameter of an impeller changes the efficiency of the impeller will also change, therefore, application of the affinity laws to calculate the impact on pump performance as a result a change in impeller diameter are helpful but . Pumps - Affinity Laws Turbo machines affinity laws can be used to calculate volume capacity, head or power consumption in centrifugal pumps when changing speed or wheel diameters. Continue Reading. It is not recommended to go above the normal speed of the pump (in our case, 3450RPM) because the magnets (if a magnetic . Figure 1. Calculates a pump's flow, head and power based on the laws of Affinity given a future speed from initial speed, flow, head and power. This affinity law allows you to project the flow that will be produced for different speeds given a fixed impeller size and a known operating point. Simplified versions of the three main fan laws are as follows: Fan Law 1: The change in flow rate (CFM) is directly . Flow. Application of the affinity laws to predict the impact of changes in speed can produce highly accurate results. Affinity Law #2 can be used to determine the TDH that will be generated when the pump is "stepped up" by substituting a 12.75 inch Impeller for the original 12.0 inch Impeller. A centrifugal pump produces flow 20M3/hr (Q1) flow at rated speed 1500 RPM (N1) , then calculate the flow of pump at 1000 RPM (N2) We have pump affinity law. Providing support for 80-plus products, Affinity is a web-based tool that delivers immediate, real-time access to the latest, most accurate data on Flowserve pumps. These laws help mag drive pump operators to more closely predict the head discharge when delivered at different speeds or from different sized impellers. Ratio change to certain hydraulic parameters caused by the constant 33,000 lb-ft/minute further! 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